研究了一下osx下dock中应用的存储,位于~/Library/Application Support/Dock/下一个比較名字比較长的db文件里,之前简单的介绍过,这里对db文件进行了分析。
osx中db文件是sqlite3数据库相应的数据库文件,学过andorid或者ios开发的朋友应该比較的熟悉,查看数据库能够看到该数据库(名字比較长的db文件)中存在一下表:
app_sources dbinfo image_cache widgets apps downloading_apps items categories groups widget_sources当中比較重要的2个表要数apps与items表了,可是那个算是最主要的表呢,查看了一下表结构例如以下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 | sqlite > .schema apps CREATE TABLE apps (item_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, title VARCHAR, bundleid VARCHAR, storeid VARCHAR,category_id INTEGER, moddate REAL, bookmark BLOB ); sqlite > .schema items CREATE TABLE items (rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ASC, uuid VARCHAR, flags INTEGER, type INTEGER, parent_id INTEGER NOT NULL, ordering INTEGER ); CREATE TRIGGER update_items_order BEFORE UPDATE OF ordering ON items WHEN new.ordering > old.ordering AND 0 == (SELECT value FROM dbinfo WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers' ) BEGIN UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 1 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; UPDATE items SET ordering = ordering - 1 WHERE parent_id = old.parent_id AND ordering BETWEEN old.ordering and new.ordering; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 0 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; END; CREATE TRIGGER update_items_order_backwards BEFORE UPDATE OF ordering ON items WHEN new.ordering < old.ordering AND 0 == (SELECT value FROM dbinfo WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers' ) BEGIN UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 1 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; UPDATE items SET ordering = ordering + 1 WHERE parent_id = old.parent_id AND ordering BETWEEN new.ordering and old.ordering; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 0 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; END; CREATE TRIGGER update_item_parent AFTER UPDATE OF parent_id ON items BEGIN UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 1 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; UPDATE items SET ordering = (SELECT ifnull (MAX (ordering ), 0 )+ 1 FROM items WHERE parent_id=new.parent_id AND ROWID !=old.rowid ) WHERE ROWID=old.rowid; UPDATE items SET ordering = ordering - 1 WHERE parent_id = old.parent_id and ordering > old.ordering; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 0 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; END; CREATE TRIGGER insert_item AFTER INSERT on items WHEN 0 == (SELECT value FROM dbinfo WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers' ) BEGIN UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 1 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; UPDATE items SET ordering = (SELECT ifnull (MAX (ordering ), 0 )+ 1 FROM items WHERE parent_id=new.parent_id ) WHERE ROWID=new.rowid; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 0 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; END; CREATE TRIGGER app_inserted AFTER INSERT ON items WHEN new.type = 4 OR new.type = 5 BEGIN INSERT INTO image_cache VALUES (new.rowid, 0, 0,NULL,NULL ); END; CREATE TRIGGER widget_inserted AFTER INSERT ON items WHEN new.type = 6 OR new.type = 7 BEGIN INSERT INTO image_cache VALUES (new.rowid, 0, 0,NULL,NULL ); END; CREATE TRIGGER app_deleted AFTER DELETE ON items WHEN old.type = 4 OR old.type = 5 BEGIN DELETE FROM image_cache WHERE item_id=old.rowid; END; CREATE TRIGGER widget_deleted AFTER DELETE ON items WHEN old.type = 6 OR old.type = 7 BEGIN DELETE FROM image_cache WHERE item_id=old.rowid; END; CREATE TRIGGER item_deleted AFTER DELETE ON items BEGIN DELETE FROM apps WHERE rowid=old.rowid; DELETE FROM groups WHERE item_id=old.rowid; DELETE FROM widgets WHERE rowid=old.rowid; DELETE FROM downloading_apps WHERE item_id=old.rowid; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 1 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; UPDATE items SET ordering = ordering - 1 WHERE old.parent_id = parent_id AND ordering > old.ordering; UPDATE dbinfo SET value= 0 WHERE key= 'ignore_items_update_triggers'; END; CREATE INDEX items_uuid_index ON items (uuid ); CREATE INDEX items_ordering_index ON items (parent_id,ordering ); CREATE INDEX items_type ON items ( type ); sqlite > |
从上面能够看出items相应了非常多的触发器,所以items应该是基表。说到了触发器,以下開始说我们的正题。
当数据库中表中的数据发生变化时,包含insert,update,delete随意操作,假设我们对该表写了相应的DML触发器,那么该触发器自己主动运行。DML触发器的主要作用在于强制运行业 务规则,以及扩展Sql Server约束,默认值等。由于我们知道约束仅仅能约束同一个表中的数据,而触发器中则能够运行随意Sql命令。
以下从一个样例来介绍一下触发器的使用。数据库中有3个表,src、backup、del,分表代表原数据表,备份数据表和删除数据表,我们如今要实现的是对原数据的插入与更新以及删除要同步到backup表中,对原数据的删除,要将删除的信息写入del表中,也就是要保证src表与backup表是时刻一模一样的,del表存储删除的信息。
触发器的创建例如以下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | CREATE TRIGGER < [ BEFORE | AFTER ] > < [ INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE ] > ON <tableName > //dbo代表该表的全部者 FOR EACH ROW BEGIN --do something END ; |
三个表都很的简单,仅仅有一个int类型的id属性。创建表以及触发器例如以下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | CREATE TABLE src ( id int ); CREATE TABLE backup ( id int ); CREATE TABLE del ( id int ); CREATE TRIGGER trigger1 after insert on src begin insert into backup values (new.id ); end; CREATE TRIGGER trigger2 after update on src begin update backup set id=new.id where id=old.id ; end; CREATE TRIGGER trigger3 after delete on src begin insert into del values (old.id ) ; delete from backup where id=old.id; end; |
上面的3个触发器的意思还是非常easy理解的,我们须要注意的一点是在begin与end之间的操作中,对前面作用表的新旧数据使用new和old进行指向,如在src表进行插入操作后,会处罚trigger1,此时trigger将src中id的新值(new.id)插入带backup表中。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | sqlite > insert into src values ( 1 ) ; //插入数据 1 sqlite > insert into src values ( 2 ) ; //插入数据 2 sqlite > select * from src ; 1 2 sqlite > select * from backup ; 1 2 sqlite > select * from del ; sqlite > update src set id= 3 where id= 2 ; //更新数据 sqlite > select * from src ; 1 3 sqlite > select * from backup ; 1 3 sqlite > select * from del ; sqlite > delete from src where id= 1; //删除数据 sqlite > select * from src ; 3 sqlite > select * from backup ; 3 sqlite > select * from del ; 1 sqlite > |
能够看出,在src表发生更删改的时候,触发器启动了,运行了对应的操作,保证了数据的统一性。
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